Evaluation and modeling of the variation of electromagnetic field on the cross section of a transmission line using finite difference method

This paper present a purpose to characterize power lines in order to identify level of operation since the power grid planning. In order to model a power line was required the use of computational tools to generate a mathematical model in MATLAB, which was based on the finite difference method and represent the electromagnetic field (EMF) contribution. The results were contrasted with real and measured values taken from a cross section of a power line that was previously modeled. Statistical analysis showed an accurate estimation of the electric and magnetic field emitted by the line identifying the same shape of the plotted curve and values in an acceptable range

Voltage collapse point evaluation considering the load dependence in a power system stability problem

Voltage Stability has emerged in recent decades as one of the most common phenomena, occurrence in Electrical Power Systems. Prior researches focused on the development of algorithm indices to solve the stability problem and in the determination of factors with most influence in voltage collapse to solve the stability problem. This paper evaluates the influence that the load dependence has with the voltage on the phenomenon of the voltage stability and especially on the characteristics the collapse point or instability point. Load modeling used is detailed and comparisons of the results obtained are made with those described in the bibliography and those obtained with commercial software. The results of the load margin are also compared when a constant load or a voltage-dependent load is considered as well as the values obtained at the maximum load point and the point of voltage instability

Effects of splitter Blade Length on disc pump performance

The disc pump operates using boundary layer principle and viscous drag with a relatively low efficiency. There are methods to increase head and efficiency, one of them is the placing of blades sectors or splitter blades in discs. This method has been applied only in the low viscosity fluids pumping (v < 0.1 stokes). This study describe an experimental research in a hight viscocity fluid (v = 2 stokes) with exit angle (32 = 35° and different splitter blades Lengths (Ls) (75, 50, 25%). The purpose is to determinate the splitter blades length that achieves the most effective combination between the blade effect and boundary layer effect in order to increase the energy transmission efficiency from the impeller to the fluid. As result, it can be established that the use of spliter blades is an alternative to increase the performance of the disc pump. The highest efficiency and head were obtained for the gapsize between two discs (b) of 12 mm using a 50% spliter blades length of the main blade length

Analysis of harmonic distortion generated by PWM motor drives

This paper evaluates the harmonic distortion generated by PWM motor drives in an electrical industrial system of a wheat flour mill company. For this, a comparative study between two industrial circuits connected at the same point of common coupling with similar characteristics of load and transformers is presented. The difference is that one circuit has PWM motor drives and the other does not have them. In the study, a practical method based on the statistical characterization of the total harmonic distortion of voltage (THDV) and current (THDI), individual voltage distortion (IVD), individual current distortion (ICD) and K-Factor is applied. As result, it was observed that PWM motor drives generated harmonics voltage mainly of fifth and seventh order with values that exceed limits established by standards in both circuits. In the work is also demonstrated that in the analysis of harmonics is necessary to consider various parameters and not only one

Energy planning for fuel oil saving in an industrial laundry

In this paper was applied a method of energy planning, compatible with ISO 50001 standard, in an industrial laundry. In the analysis, three input variables were considered: level of production, technical condition of the system and operating regime. The past, present and future of fuel oil consumption in the steam generation and use was examined, establishing the causes of deterioration of consumption indicator. A study of load and capacity in the system identified potential savings through improved operating regime. A new regime for the operation of boilers was proposed and implemented, saving 16% of fuel. With the results of these measurements, the baseline was developed and goals are established.En el presente trabajo se diseña y aplica un procedimiento de planificación energética, compatible con la norma ISO 50001, a una lavandería industrial. Se analizan tres variables de entrada: nivel de producción, estado técnico del sistema y régimen de operación. Se examina el pasado, presente y futuro del consumo del fuel oíl en el sistema de generación y uso del vapor, estableciendo las causas del deterioro del indicador de consumo. A través de un estudio de carga y capacidad en el sistema se identificaron las potencialidades de ahorro mejorando el esquema de operación. Se propuso un nuevo esquema para la operación de las calderas el cual fue implementado lográndose un ahorro del 16% de combustible. Con los resultados de las mediciones se elabora la línea base y se establecen nuevas metas

Stress in butt welded joints of open profiles under torsion

In this paper is addressed how in the literature of Mechanic of Materials and Machine Elements Design only few authors address the subject of welded joints, among those can be mentioned Shigley Hall, Reshetov, and Faires [1, 3, 4-5]; although they provide expressions to calculate stress in complex geometric configurations of welded joints, they do not analyze calculation for butt welded joints subject to torsion, neither take into account characteristics of thin-walled side faces for the calculations. Only in the General Treaty of Schimpke Welding, Horn and Ruge [7] are mentioned these features without addressing the expressions for the calculation of stresses in cases of complex cases. Similar case is seen in articles and specialized literature wheredelves into research on the technological parameters in welding, materials and other subjects without addressing the improvement of calculation expressions to determine the stresses in such joints. In this paper new expressions are shown for the calculation of tangential stresses arising on the welds on butt joints of open profiles under free torsion, taking into account thin-wall side faces.En el trabajo se destaca como en la literatura de Mecánica de Materiales y Diseño de Elementos de Máquinas, solo algunos autores abordan el tema de las uniones soldadas, dentro de estos se pueden citar a Shigley, Hall, Reshetov y Faires [1, 3, 4-5]; estos autores, aunque brindan expresiones para el cálculo de las tensiones en uniones soldadas de configuración geométrica compleja, no analizan el cálculo de las mismas para el caso de estar sometidas a torsión, tampoco toman en cuenta para los cálculos las particularidades de los perfiles de paredes delgadas, esto solo es analizado en el Tratado general de soldadura de los autores Schimpke, Horn y Ruge [7], donde se mencionan estas particularidades sin abordar las expresiones para el cálculo de las tensiones en casos complejos. Un tanto similar ocurre en los artículos y literatura especializada, donde se profundiza en la investigación sobre los parámetros tecnológicos en la soldadura, materiales y otros temas sin abordar el perfeccionamiento de las expresiones de cálculo para determinar las tensiones en este tipo de uniones. En el presente trabajo se brindan nuevas expresiones para el cálculo de las tensiones tangenciales que surgen en los cordones de uniones a tope, en perfiles abiertos sometidos a torsión libre, tomando en cuenta para ello su consideración como perfiles de paredes delgadas

Calculation model and methodology for stiffness evaluation in hydraulics cylinders

In the paper an analysis scheme able to considerate of all the main geometric and load factors that affect the behavior of a hydraulic cylinder in its action as a flexural-compression member. Also, experimental validations of the model are shown too. A methodology to identify the conditions leading to the instability of the cylinder is established

Calculation model and methodology for stiffness evaluation in hydraulics cylinders

In the paper an analysis scheme able to considerate of all the main geometric and load factors that affect the behavior of a hydraulic cylinder in its action as a flexural-compression member. Also, experimental validations of the model are shown too. A methodology to identify the conditions leading to the instability of the cylinder is established

Evaluación de fallas en un transportador de cangilones. Caso de estudio

A failure in the bottom sheet of a bucket conveyor (KZBQ.AUMUND) during service was investigated. Sheets are coupled to the chain throught a screw connection; they operate in variable load scenarios causing fatigue. A chemical and microstructural analysis was made showing that sheet was built in steel with 0.15 % of Carbone without alloying elements that contribute to the refined grain and resistance increase. Strength calculation, used to determinate safety factor, consider load system and type material. Results concluded that geometry and thickness value do not provide an adequate fatigue resistance coefficient.Es investigada la falla en las láminas del fondo de un transportador de cangilones KZB-Q.AUMUND durante su servicio. Las láminas están acopladas a una cadena a través de uniones atornilladas y operan bajo un régimen de cargas variables causándoles fatiga. Se realiza un análisis químico y microestructural el cual evidencia que las láminas fueron elaboradas de un acero con 0,15 % de carbono sin elementos de aleación que contribuyan al afinamiento del grano y al incremento de la resistencia. Se calculan las tensiones para determinar el coeficiente de seguridad a la fatiga considerando el sistema de cargas y el material de las láminas. Los resultados concluyen que la geometría y los valores de espesor no le proporcionan a las láminas un adecuado coeficiente de resistencia a la fatiga

Mathematical modeling of vertical movement of the upper shaft in cane mills

This study introduces a mathematical model to describe the floating effects of the top roll in sugarcane mills. The model is developed from experimental data measured during the operation of a sugarcane mill. The measured data is fitted using the top shaft rotation period of the mill and dividing on intervals to individually fit each interval obtaining a function defined by parts. The resulting model shows a correlation coefficient of R2 ≥ 0.97. This allow including the floating effect in the study and design of other elements of sugarcane mills